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The Vinaya | How To Become a Nun | Tibetan Nuns | Ordination Issue | General Topics
BIBLIOGRAPHY: THE VINAYA
(to come from Ven. Jampa)
BIBLIOGRAPHY: TIBETAN NUNS
Allione, Tsultrim. Women of Wisdom. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984.
Aziz, Barbara Nimri, “Ani Chodon: Portrait of a Buddhist Nun.” In Loka 2: A Journal from Naropa Institute. Edited by Rick Fields. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press, 1976, pp. 43-46.
Coberly, Margaret. “Crisis as Opportunity: Nuns and Cultural Change in the Spiti Valley.” In Buddhist Women and Social Justice: Ideals, Challenges, and Achievements. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2004.
Dechen, Sramanerika Lobsang. “Nuns of Tibet.” Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 150-53.
Dhondup, K., and Tashi Tsering. “Samdhing Dorjee Phagmo – Tibet’s Only Female Incarnation.” Tibetan Review 14:8 (1979): 11-17.
Diemberger, Hildegard. When a Woman Becomes a Religious Dynasty: The Samding Dorje Phagmo of Tibet. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
Give, Bernard de, and Elizabeth J. Harris, translation. “Female Monasticism in Tibetan Buddhism.” Dialogue 19-20 (1992-1993): 61-87.
Grimshaw, Anna. Servants of the Buddha: Winter in a Himalayan Convent. Pilgrim Press/United Church Press, 1994.
Gutschow, Kim. Being a Buddhist Nun: The Struggle for Enlightenment in the Himalayas. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Gutschow, Kim Irmgard. “An Economy of Merit: Women And Buddhist Monasticism in Zangskar, Northwest India.” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1998.
Gutschow, Kim. “Yeshe’s Tibetan Pilgrimage: The Founding of a Himalayan Nunnery in Zangskar.” In Innovative Buddhist Women: Swimming Against the Stream. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000.
Havnevik, Hanna. “On Pilgrimage for Forty Years in the Himalayas: The Female Lama Jetsun Lochen Rinpoche’s (1865-1951) Quest for Sacred Sites.” In Pilgrimage in Tibet, ed. Alex McKay. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1998, pp. 85-107.
Havnevik, Hanna. Tibetan Buddhist Nuns: History, Cultural Norms and Social Reality. London: Norwegian University Press, 1989.
Klein, Anne C. “Primordial Purity and Everyday Life: Exalted Female Symbols and the Women of Tibet.” In Immaculate and Powerful: The Female in Sacred Image and Social Reality. Edited by Clarissa Atkinson, Constance Buchanan, and Margaret Miles,. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985, pp. 111-38.
Makley, Charlene E. “The Body of a Nun: Nunhood and Gender in Contemporary Amdo.” Women in Tibet. Edited by Janet Gyatso and Hanna Havnevik. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
Miller, Beatrice D. “Views of Women’s Roles in Buddhist Tibet.” In Studies in History of Buddhism. Edited by A. K. Narain. Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation, 1980, pp. 155-66.
Ortner, Shelly B. “The Founding of the First Sherpa Nunnery, and the Problem of ‘Women’ as an Analytic Category.” In Feminist Re-Visions: What Has Been and What Might Be. Edited by Vivian Paraka and Louise A. Tilly. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1983.
Schaeffer, Kurtis R. “The Autobiography of a Medieval Hermitess: Orgyan Chokyi (1675-1729).” Women in Tibet. Edited by Janet Gyatso and Hanna Havnevik. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
“Tibetan Nuns.” Cho-Yang 1:1 (Spring 1986): 31-32.
Karma Lekshe Tsomo. “Buddhist Nuns: New Roles and Possibilities.” In Exile as Challenge: The Tibetan Diaspora. Edited by Dagmar Bernstorff and Hubertus von Welck. Delhi: Orient Longman, 2003, pp. 342-66.
Tsering, Acharya Tashi, and Philippa Russell. “An Account of the Buddhist Ordination of Women.” Cho-Yang 1:1 (Spring 1986): 21-32.
Tsomo, Karma Lekshe. “Change in Consciousness: Women’s Religious Identity in Himalayan Buddhist Cultures.” In Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. New York: State University of New York Press, 1999, pp. 169-89.
Karma Lekshe Tsomo. “Emerging from the Shadows: Nuns of the Tibetan Tradition, Sakyadhita Newsletter. 18:1(2009).
Tsomo, Karma Lekshe. “Tibetan Nuns and Nunneries.” In Feminine Ground: Essays on Women and Tibet. Edited by Janice D. Willis. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1989, pp. 118-34.
van Ede, Yolanda. “Of Birds and Wings: Tibetan Nuns and their Encounters with Knowledge.” In Innovative Buddhist Women: Swimming Against the Stream. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Surrey, England: Curzon Press, 2000.
Von Furer-Haimendorf, Christoph. “A Nunnery in Nepal.” Kailash: Journal of Himalayan Studies 4:2 (1976): 121-54.
Watkins, Joanne Carol. “Spirited Women: Gender, Religion, and Cultural Identity in the Nepal Himalaya.” New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Watkins, Joanne Carol. “Spirited Women, Big-Hearted Men: A Study of Gender, Trade and Religion in the Nepal Himalaya.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1993.
Willis, Janice D. “Nuns and Benefactresses: The Role of Women in the Development of Buddhism.” In Women, Religion, and Social Change, ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Ellison Banks Findly. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1985, pp. 59-85.
Willis, Janice D. “Tibetan Ani-s: The Nun’s Life in Tibet.” In Feminine Ground: Essays on Women and Tibet. Edited by Janice D. Willis. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1989, pp. 96-117.
Zangmo, Tashi. “Born Buddhist is Not Enough.” In Innovative Buddhist Women: Swimming Against the Stream. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Surrey, England: Curzon Press, 2000.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: THE BHIKSUNI ORDINATION ISSUE
Blackstone, Kathryn. “Standing Outside The Gates: A Study of Women’s Ordination in The Pali ‘Vinaya’.” Ph.D dissertation, McMaster University, 1996.
Blackstone, Kathryn. Women in the Footsteps of the Buddha: Struggle for Liberation in the Therigatha. Surrey, England: Curzon Press, 1998.
Chamsanit, Varaporn. “Settling the Debate on Bhikkhu Ordination in Thailand: Why is It So Difficult?” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: SriSatguru Publications, 2006, pp. 298-306.
Chung, Inyoung (Sukhdam Sunim). “A Buddhist View of Women: A Comparative Study of the Rules for Bhiksus and Bhiksunis based on the Chinese Pratimoksa.” M.A. thesis, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, 1995.
Chung, Inyoung (Sukhdam Sunim). “Comparing the First Buddhist Women in Early Chinese and Ancient Indian Buddhism.” In Bridging Worlds: Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Taipei: Yuan Chuan Press, 2004, pp. 161-65.
de Jong, J. W. “Notes on the Bhiksuni-Vinaya of the Mahasamghikas.” In Buddhist Studies in Honor of I. B. Horner, ed. L. Cousins, A. Kunst, and K. R. Norman, 63-70. Boston: D. Reidal Publishing Company, 1974.
De Silva, Ranjani. “Reclaiming the Robe: Restoration of the Bhikkhun Order in Sri Lanka.” In Buddhist Women and Social Justice: Ideals, Challenges, and Achievements. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2004.
Devendra, Kusuma. “Establishment of the Order of Buddhist Nuns and Its Development in Sri Lanka.” Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 258-66.
Dhirasekera, Jotiya. Buddhist Monastic Discipline: A Study of Its Origin and Development in Relation to the Sutta and Vinaya Pitakas. Colombo: M. D. Gunasena and Company, 1982.
Dhirasekera, Jotiya. “The Disciplinary Code of the Bhikkhunis.” In The Young Buddhist 1985. Singapore: Singapore Buddha-Yana Association, 1985, pp. 69-76.
Freese, Roseanne. “Tracing the Roots of the Bhiksuni Tradition.” In Bridging Worlds: Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Taipei: Yuan Chuan Press, 2004, pp. 188-210.
Goonatilake, Hema. “Women Regaining a Lost Legacy: The Restoration of the Bhikkhu Sagha in Sri Lanka.” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: SriSatguru Publications, 2006, pp. 42-47.
Harris, Elizabeth J. “Reclaiming the Sacred: Buddhist Women in Sri Lanka.” Feminist Theology 15 (May 1997): 83-111.
Hirakawa, Akira, trans. Monastic Discipline for the Buddhist Nuns: An English Translation of the Chinese Text of the Mahasamghika-Bhikshuni-Vinaya. Patna, India: Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, 1982.
Horner, I. B., trans. The Book of the Discipline (Vinaya-Pitaka). London: Pali Text Society, 1962.
Horner, I. B. Women in Early Buddhist Literature. Wheel Publication 30. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1961.
Hüsken, Ute. “Rephrased Rules. The Application of Monks’ Prescriptions to the Nuns’ Discipline in Early Buddhist Law.” Buddhist Studies (Bukkyoo Kenkyuu) 28 (March 1999): 19-29.
Hüsken, Ute. “A Stock of Bowls Requires a Stock of Robes. Relations of the Rules for Nuns in the Theravaada Vinaya and the Bhiksuni-Vinaya of the Mahasamghika-Lokottaravadin.” In Untersuchungen zur buddhistischen Literatur II, Gustav Roth zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet. Eds. Heinz Bechert, S. Bretfeld und P. Kieffer-Pülz, Göttingen, 1997, pp. 201-238.
Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn, trans. The Bhikkhuni Patimokkha of the Six Schools. Bangkok: Thammasat University Press, 1991.
Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn. A Comparative Study of Bhikkhuni Patimokkha. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia, 1984.
Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn. “The Future of the Bhikkuni Samgha in Thailand.” In Speaking of Faith: Global Perspectives on Women, Religion, and Social Change. Edited by Diana L. Eck and Devaki Jain. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1987, pp. 148-58.
Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn. “The Problem of Ordination: Women in Buddhism.” In Buddhist Behavioral Codes and the Modern World. Edited by Charles Fu and Sandra A. Wawrytko. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1994, pp. 161-69.
Kawanami, Hiroko. “The Bhikkhuni Ordination Debate: Global Aspirations, Local Concerns,” Buddhist Studies Review 24:2 (2007).
Kusuma, Bhikkhu. “Inaccuracies in Buddhist Women’s History.” In Innovative Buddhist Women: Swimming Against the Stream. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Surrey, England: Curzon Press, 2000, pp. 5-12.
Li, Jung-hsi, trans. Biographies of Buddhist Nuns: Pao-Chang’s Pi-chiu-ni-chuan. Osaka: Tohokai, 1981.
Li, Yuchen. “Ordination, Women, and Power: The International Full Ordination Ceremony in Bodhgaya.” In Innovative Buddhist Women: Swimming Against the Stream. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Surrey, England: Curzon Press, 2000.
Miao, Shu-lien, trans. “The Dhammagupta-Bhiksuni-Pratimoksa.” Unpublished translation, Taipei, 1983.
Ridding, C. M. and, L. de la Vallee Poussin. “A Fragment of the Sanskrit Vinaya: Bhiksunikarmavacana.” School of Oriental Studies, Bulletin 1:3 (1920): 123.
Roth, Gustav. “Bhiksunivinaya and Bhiksu-Prakirnaka and Notes on the Language.” Journal of the Bihar Research Society 52 (1966): 29-51.
Roth, Gustav, editor. Bhiksuni Vinaya: Manual of Discipline for Buddhist Nuns. Patna: K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1970.
Tsedroen, Jampa. A Brief Survey of the Vinaya. Hamburg: Studienstiftun fur Tibetischen Buddhismus, 1992.
Tsedroen, Jampa. “Living by the Vinaya in the Present Day.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 202-13.
Tsering, Acharya Tashi, and Philippa Russell. “An Account of the Buddhist Ordination of Women.” Cho-Yang (Dharamsala) 1:1 (Spring 1986): 21-30.
Tsomo, Karma Lekshe. “Almost Equal: Obstacles on the Way to an International Bhiksuni Sangha,” Bridging Worlds: Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations, Taipei: Yuan Chuan Press, 2004, pp. 177-83.
Tsomo, Karma Lekshe. “Is the Bhiksuni Vinaya Sexist?” Buddhist Women and Social Justice: Ideals, Challenges, and Achievements. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2004, pp. 45-72.
Tsomo, Karma Lekshe. “Prospects for an International Bhiksuni Sangha.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 236-57.
Tsomo, Karma Lekshe. Sisters in Solitude: Two Traditions of Buddhist Monastic Ethics for Women: A Comparative Analysis of the Chinese Dharmagupta and the Tibetan Mulasarvastivada Bhiksuni Pratimoksa Sutras. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Walters, Jonathan S. “A Voice from the Silence: The Buddha’s Mother’s Story.” History of Religions 33 (May 1994): 358-79.
Wetzel, Sylvia. “The Function and Meaning of Vows.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 74-78.
Wijayaratna, Mohan. Buddhist Nuns: The Birth and Development of a Women’s Monastic Order. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 2010.
Wijayasundara, Senarat. “Restoring the Order of Nuns to the Theravada Tradition.” In Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. New York: State University of New York Press, 1999, pp. 79-87.
Yin, Wu. Choosing Simplicity: A Commentary on the Bhikshuni Pratimoksha. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2001.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: HOW TO BECOME A NUN
Blossoms of the Dharma: Living as a Buddhist Nun
In recent years Buddhist nuns from Asia and the West have met together to become more active in improving their status in the female sangha. One such conference is the "Life As A Western Buddhist Nun" Conference held in 1996 in Dharamsala, This book gathers some of the presentations and teachings at this conference. This book is now online. It is rich with writings about monastic life by those who live it. Click here to view.
Preparing for Ordination >Click here to go to webpage
The Revival of Bhikkhuni Ordination in the Theravada Traditions by Bhikkhu Bodhi (pdf format) Click here to view or download.
The Challenge of the Future: How Will the Sangha Fare in North American Buddhism? byVen. Bhikkhu Bodh (pdf format) Click here to view or download.
The Situation of Western Monastics by Bhikshuni Tenzin Palmo (pdf format)
Click here to view or download.
Whatever Happened to the Monastic Sangha? by Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi (pdf format)
Click here to view or download.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: BUDDHIST NUNS, GENERAL TOPICS (excluding Tibet)
“Cremation Ceremony of a Zen Nun.” In Women & Buddhism: A Special Issue of Spring Wind-Buddhist Cultual Forum 6:1, 2 & 3 (1986): 194-201.
“Establishing Nunneries for Westerners: Discussions with Ayya Khema and Bhiksuni Pema Chodron.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 315-320.
Addiss, Stephen. “The Zen Nun Ryonen Gensho (1646-1711).” In Women & Buddhism: A Special Issue of the Spring Wind-Buddhist Cultual Forum 6:1, 2 & 3 (1986): 180-87.
Adiele, Faith, Meeting Faith: The Forest Journals of a Black Buddhist Nun. W. W. Norton & Company, 2005
Anh, Thich Nu Dong. “Education and Training for Women at the Time of the Buddha: Implications for Today.” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 2006, pp. 155-50.
Anh, Thich Nu Dong. “A Survey of the Bhikkhuni Sagha in Vietnam.” In Bridging Worlds: Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Taipei: Yuan Chuan Press, 2004, pp. 51-54.
Aoyama, Shundo. Zen Seeds: Reflections of a Female Priest. Tokyo: Kosei Publishing Company, 1990.
Brown, Sid. The Journey of One Buddhist Nun: Even Against the Wind. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2001.
Arai, Paula Kane Robinson. “Soto Zen Nuns in Modern Japan: Keeping and Creating Tradition.” Bulletin of the Nanzan Institute for Religion & Culture 14 (Summer 1990): 38-51.
Arai, Paula Kane Robinson. Women Living Zen: Japanese Soto Buddhist Nuns. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Arai, Paula Kane Robinson. “A Case of Ritual Zen: Gratitude to Ananda.” In Innovative Buddhist Women: Swimming Against the Stream. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000.
Arai, Paula Kane Robinson. “Healing Buddhist Women: Ritual, Interrelatedness, and the Core of Buddhist Healing.” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: SriSatguru Publications, 2006, pp. 127-34
Arai, Paula Kane Robinson. “Japanese Buddhist Nuns’ Ritual of Gratitude and Empowerment.” In Women’s Buddhism, Buddhism’s Women: Tradition, Revision, Renewal. Edited by Ellison Findley. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2000, pp. 119-30.
Arai, Paula Kane Robinson. “Japanese Buddhist Nuns: Innovators for the Sake of Tradition.” In Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo, 105-22. New York: State University of New York Press, 1999.
Arai, Paula Kane Robinson. “Sōtō Zen Nuns in Modern Japan: Keeping and Creating Tradition.” In Religion & Society in Modern Japan. Edited by Mark Mullins, Shimazono Susumu, and Paul Swanson. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1993, 203-18.
Barnes, Nancy J. “Buddhist Women and the Nuns’ Order in Asia.” In Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia. Edited by Christopher S. Queen and Sallie B. King. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Bartholomeusz, Tessa. “The Female Mendicant in Buddhist Sri Lanka.” In Buddhism, Sexuality, and Gender. Edited by José Ignacio Cabezón. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992, pp. 37-61.
Bartholomeusz, Tessa J. Women Under the Bo Tree: Buddhist Nuns in Sri Lanka. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Bianchi, Ester. “Tiexiangsi: A dGe lugs pa Nunnery in Contemporary China.” In Innovative Buddhist Women: Swimming Against the Stream. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000.
Bloss, Lowell W. “The Female Renunciants of Sri Lanka: The Dasasilmattawa.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 10:1 (1987): 7-32.
Cheng, Wei-yi. Buddhist Nuns In Taiwan and Sri Lanka. Richmond, Surrey: RoutledgeCurzon, 2007
Chang, Pao. Biographies of Buddhist Nuns. Translated by Li Jung-hsi. Osaka: Tohokai, 1981.
Cheng, Wei-yi. “Luminary Buddhist Nuns in Contemporary Taiwan: A Quiet Feminist Movement,” Journal of Buddhist Ethics 10 (2003).
Ching, Yu-Ing. Master of Love and Mercy: Cheng Yen. Blue Dolphin Publications, 1995.
Cho, Eunsu. “From Anonymity to Self-Reinvention: Korean Buddhist Nuns in the Twentieth Century.” In Bridging Worlds: Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Taipei: Yuan Chuan Press, 2004, pp. 125-30.
Chodron, Thubten. “You’re Becoming a What?: Living as a Western Buddhist Nun.” In Buddhist Women on the Edge. Edited by Marianne Dresser. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 1996, pp. 223-33.
Chodron, Thubten. Blossoms of the Dharma. Living as a Buddhist Nun. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 1999.
Chung, Inyoung (Sukhdam Sunim). “Crossing Over the Gender Boundary in Gray Rubber Shoes: A Study on Myoom Sunim’s Buddhist Monastic Education.” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: SriSatguru Publications, 2006, pp. 219-28.
Chung, Inyoung (Sukhdam Sunim). “Comparing the First Buddhist Women in Early Chinese and Ancient Indian Buddhism.” In Bridging Worlds: Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Taipei: Yuan Chuan Press, 2004, pp. 161-65.
Cissel, Kathryn A. The Pi-ch’iu-ni Chuan: Biographies of Famous Chinese Nuns from 317-516 C.E. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International, 1972.
Coberly, Margaret. “Crisis as Opportunity: Nuns and Cultural Change in the Spiti Valley.” In Buddhist Women and Social Justice: Ideals, Challenges, and Achievements. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2004.
Cogan, Gina. “Precepts at Enshoji: The Rules of a Seventeenth-Century Japanese Amadera.” In Bridging Worlds: Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Taipei: Yuan Chuan Press, 2004, pp. 237-40.
Constans, Gabriel. Buddha’s Wife. Bandon, OR: Robert D. Reed Publishers, 2009.
Dash, Shobha Rani. “Food of Dharma: Rituals at Meals and in the Kitchen, A Case Study of Dongein Imperial Nunnery of Japan.” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 2006, pp. 123-26.
Dash, Shobha Rani. Mahaprajaipati: The First Bhikkhuni. Seoul: Blue Lotus Books, 2008.
Davids, Caroline A. F. Rhys, trans. Poems of Early Buddhist Nuns: Therigatha. London: Wisdom Publications, 1989.
De Silva, Ranjani. “The Training and Education of Nuns in Sri Lanka.” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: SriSatguru Publications, 2006, pp. 164-67.
DeVido, Elise. “The Infinite World of Taiwanese Nuns.” In Buddhist Women and Social Justice: Ideals, Challenges, and Achievements. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2004.
Dhammawati, Anagarika. “Theravada Nuns of Nepal.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 138-39.
Dharma, Karuna. “Nuns of Vietnam.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 154-59.
Dobbins, James C. Letters of the Nun Eshinni: Images of Pure Land Buddhism in Medieval Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004.
Dobbins, James C. “Women’s Birth in Pure Land as Women: Intimations From the Letter of Eshinni.” Eastern Buddhist 28 (Spring 1995): 108-22.
Falk, Nancy Auer. “The Case of the Vanishing Nuns: The Fruits of Ambivalence in Ancient Buddhism.” In Unspoken Worlds: Women’s Religious Lives in Non-western Cultures, eds. Nancy Auer Falk and Rita Gross. New York: Harper and Row, 1980, pp. 206-24.
Falk, Monica Lindberg. Making Fields of Merit: Buddhist Female Ascetics and Gendered Orders inThailand. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007.
Falk, Monica Lindberg. “A Silent Undercurrent: The Significance of Mae chiis’ Socially Engaged Buddhist Practice in Thailand.” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: SriSatguru Publications, 2006, pp. 239-44.
Fister, Patricia. Art by Buddhist Nuns: Treasures from the Imperial Convents of Japan. New York: Institute for Medieval Japanese Studies, 1988.
Fister, Patricia, et al. Amamonzeki: A Hidden Heritage: Treasures of the Japanese Buddhist Convents. Tokyo: University Art Museum, 2009.
Goonatilake, Hema. “Nuns of China: Part I – The Mainland.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 112-18.
Goonatilake, Hema. “Buddhist Nuns: Protests, Struggle, and the Reinterpretation of Orthodoxy in Sri Lanka.” In Mixed Blessings: Gender and Religious Fundamentalism Cross Culturally.
Edited by Judy Brink and Joan Mencher. New York: Routledge, 1997, pp. 25-39.
Grant, Beata. Eminent Nuns: Women Chan Masters of Seventeenth-century China. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2008.
Grant, Beata. “Female Holder of the Lineage: Linji Chan Master Zhiyuan Xinggang (1597-1654).” Late Imperial China 17:2 (1996) 51-76.
Grant, Beata. “The Red Cord Untied: Buddhist Nuns in 18th Century China.” In Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999.
Grant, Beata. “Through the Empty Gate: The Poetry of Buddhist Nuns in Late Imperial China.” In Cultural Intersections in Later Chinese Buddhism. Edited by Marsha Weidner. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2001, pp. 87-113.
Gross, Rita M. “The Householder and the World-Renunciant: Two Modes of Sexual Expression in Buddhism.” Journal in Ecumenical Studies 22:1 (Winter 1985): 81-96.
Gunawardena, R. A. L. H. “Subtile Silks of Ferreous Firmness: Buddhist Nuns in Ancient and Early Medieval Sri Lanka and Their Role in the Propagation of Buddhism.” The Sri Lankan Journal of the Humanities 14:1 and 2 (1988): 1-59.
Han, Bhiksuni Shih I. “Chinese Nuns in Los Angeles.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 304-308.
Heikkila-Horn, Marja-Leena. “The Status and Values of the Santi Asoke Sikkhamats.” In Innovative Buddhist Women: Swimming Against the Stream. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000.
Heikkila-Horn, Marja-Leena. Buddhism with Open Eyes: Belief and Practice of Santi Asoke. Bangkok: Fah Apai, 1997.
Hirakawa, Akira. “The History of Buddhist Nuns in Japan.” Buddhist Christian Studies 12 (1992): 147-58.
Horner, I. B. Women Under Primitive Buddhism: Laywomen and Almswomen. London, G. Routledge & Sons, 1930; reprint Asia Book Corp. of America, 1990.
Hsieh, Ding-hwa. “Buddhist Nuns in Sung China (960-1279).” Journal of Sung-Yuan Studies 30 (2000): 63-97.
Huang, C. Julia. Charisma and Compassion: Cheng Yen and the Buddhist Tzu Chi Movement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
Iizuka, Koji, and Sallie B. King, trans. “Awakening Stories of Zen Buddhist Women.” In Buddhism in Practice. Edited by Donald Lopez, Jr. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 513-24.
Ito, Tomomi. “Ordained Women in Yellow Robes: An Unfamiliar ‘Tradition in Contemporary Thailand.’” In Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women in the Global Community. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Delhi: SriSatguru Publications, 2006, pp. 168-71.
Jikun, Abbess Kasanoin. In Iris Fields: Remembrances and Poetry. Kyoto: Tankosha, 2009.
Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn. “Voramai Kabilsingh.” In Women & Buddhism: A Special Issue of the Spring Wind-Buddhist Cultural Forum 6:1, 2 & 3 (1986): 202-9.
Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn. Thai Women in Buddhism. Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1991.
Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn. “Nuns of Thailand.” In Sakyadhita: Daughters of the Buddha. Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1988, pp. 145-49.
Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn. “The Religious Position of Buddhist Women in Thailand.” In Buddhist Ethics and Modern Society. Edited by Charles Fu and Sandra A. Wawrytko. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1991, pp. 259-64.
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